Synergistic And Cytotoxic Effect Of Rosuvastatin, Celecoxib, And Colchicine On Lung Cancer A549 Cell Line

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is a major type of cancer that causes a large scale of mortality. Despite the side effects of high doses cost and side effects of chemotherapy, the resistance of cancer cells became an important issue. The researchers develop a variety of methods to overcome these challenges. The use of drug combinations to modulate the apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells was one of the new methods to overcome the anti-cancer resistance challenge.

Objectives: The study was designed to find the best drug combination at lower therapeutic doses of routinely used drugs to reduce the public health toxicity issue of humans suffering from lung cancer. The current study investigates three FDA-approved drugs and four combinations' effects in modulating cancer cells using lung cancer cell line A549 and evaluating the IC50, Synergistic effect of the combinations.

Methods: Three drugs of Rosuvastatin (Ro), Celecoxib (Ce), and Cholchicine (Co), and four combinations (Ro-Ce, Ro-Co, Ce-Co, and Ro-Ce-Co) were exposed to cell line for 72 hours was the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay, IC50 calculated using GraphPad Prism depending on the optical densities, and the combination synergism and Combination Index was evaluated by Compusyn Software.

Results: Results showed that all treatments had a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The combination showed variable degrees of synergism according to the doses and type of drug. The combination of Ro-Ce-Co had the highest effect, while the Ce-Co showed antagonism.

Conclusions: The study concludes that the combination of the drugs in the current study is beneficial in lowering cancer cell proliferation and could reduce the public health issues associated with higher chemotherapy doses. Except for the combination of Ce-Co that could induce unfavorable results. The combination doses should calculated and administrated precisely to reach the maximum effect.