Role Of Intrinsic Foot Muscles Strengthening Exercise In Reducing Pain Of Plantar Fasciitis

Abstract

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a prevalent cause of heel pain, often resulting from inflammation and microtears in the plantar fascia due to biomechanical imbalances, overuse, or decreased intrinsic foot muscle strength. While traditional treatments include rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and orthotics, recurrence and chronic symptoms remain significant challenges. Emerging evidence suggests that strengthening intrinsic foot muscles may offer a conservative and sustainable management strategy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercises in reducing pain and improving foot function among patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 30 adults clinically diagnosed with plantar fasciitis at Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh, between July 2018 and June 2019. Participants underwent a structured 4 to 6-week exercise regimen that included toe curls, marble pickups, short foot, and doming exercises. Pain intensity and foot function were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Index (FFI), respectively, before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Participants showed significant improvements following the intervention. The mean VAS score decreased from 7.2 ± 1.1 to 3.6 ± 1.2 (p < 0.001), indicating substantial pain reduction. Similarly, total FFI scores improved from 68.5 ± 9.3 to 42.3 ± 10.2 (p < 0.001), with notable reductions across all subscales—pain, disability, and activity limitation. High adherence (90%) and absence of adverse events highlighted the safety and feasibility of the intervention. Conclusion: Intrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercises significantly reduced pain and improved foot function in patients with plantar fasciitis. Given their effectiveness, safety, and accessibility, these exercises can be incorporated into conservative treatment protocols to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce dependency on pharmacologic or surgical interventions.