Effectiveness of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Range of Motion, Pain Pressure Threshold in the Management of Myofascial Trigger Point: A Systemic Review

Abstract

This review of randomized controlled trials sought to evaluate the efficacy of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) on range of motion, pain, and pain pressure threshold, as well as to investigate the specific factors influencing its effectiveness. The search for relevant studies published between 2017 and 2024 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with primary outcomes focusing on pain, range of motion, and quality of life. The findings indicate that percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) is effective in providing short-term pain relief, improving range of motion, and enhancing quality of life when compared to no intervention, sham, or placebo treatments. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding its impact on disability, analgesic medication intake, and sleep quality. In conclusion, while some evidence supports the short-term benefits of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), further high-quality randomized clinical trials with standardized procedures are necessary.