Early Screening of Prostate Cancer Using Molecular Approaches in Hospitals' Patients' Families: Systematic Review

Abstract

Prostate cancer is a major global health concern, with Saudi Arabia reporting an incidence rate of 6.1 per 100,000 individuals. This study investigates molecular screening methods for prostate cancer, particularly in familial populations, to improve early detection and management within Saudi Arabian hospitals. A systematic review was conducted using a structured methodology that adhered to PRISMA guidelines, focusing on peer-reviewed human studies and excluding non-clinical and animal studies. Out of 225 identified articles, 35 were evaluated in detail, and 32 were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The included studies highlighted the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of molecular screening approaches, emphasizing biomarkers such as PSMA-RGS, ctDNA, PTEN, ERG, SPINK1, and TFF3. These findings underscore the importance of integrating molecular markers into diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes and support personalized treatment approaches.