Footprint of Long Term Pulmonary Sequelae of Covid 19 on Post Pandemic Pulmonary Status – A Rapid Review

Abstract

Introduction: The long-term pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 infection and PASC are not known, a considered rehabilitative approach is recommended to yield optimal functional outcomes with a return to pre-morbid functional, avocational, and vocational status. Individuals who are unvaccinated, with pre-existing lung conditions and multiple medical comorbidities are at higher risk of more severe respiratory involvement and prolonged respiratory symptoms.
Methods: Five databases are searched for all the published trials of PR for patients with post-COVID-19 from March 2020 to October 2024. Data were extracted using a standardized form. The risks of bias of included studies were assessed using the Cochrane risk of the bias assessment tool. Data are synthesized where possible. The risk of bias of included studies varied, with major concerns on the risk of blinding of participants and interventions performers.
Discussion: Individuals with chronic lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), moderate to severe asthma, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung diseases, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension, are at increased risk for more severe acute COVID and acute respiratory consequences, as well as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and persistent respiratory symptoms and disease.
Conclusion: Recovery from post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease are seen over months but has also been reported to be persistent and, in a minority, progressive.
Keywords: Pulmonary Sequelae, Covid 19, Post Pandemic Pulmonary Status.