Quality care foster a positive outcome in infant with Kawasaki disease-case report

Abstract

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare, acute, multisystem vasculitis affecting medium and small sized vessels, typically occurring in children under 5 years of age. First described in 1961 by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki, the disease was initially termed "Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome."Now a days Kawasaki disease is known for its occurrence in small epidemics, especially in closed communities and has a higher incidence in Asian populations. The etiology remains unclear but environmental factors, infections, and genetic predisposition are believed to play a role. Kawasaki disease can cause serious cardiovascular complications such as coronary artery aneurysms leading to ischemic heart disease or even sudden death if not treated promptly.
Case Presentation: We report the case of 1-year-old female infant who developed KD and small coronary artery aneurysms despite timely treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The patient presented with high-grade fever, rash, conjunctival congestion, strawberry tongue and mild bilateral cervical lymph-adenopathy. Despite receiving IVIG, small coronary artery aneurysms were noted on echocardiogram.

Conclusion: The case report underlines the importance of early diagnosis, monitoring the child, treatment in preventingsevere cardiovascular complications and providing health care in Kawasaki disease. Even with timely IVIG therapy, the development of coronary artery aneurysms remains a significant concern, especially in younger patients with incomplete or atypical forms of the disease. This case also underscores the need for ongoing vigilance in monitoring these patients for potential long-term cardiovascular issues and positive outcome of the Kawasaki diseas.
Keywords: Kawasaki disease, Infant, Coronary artery aneurysms, IVIG Therapy