Assessing Water Quality and Its Impact on Human Health: A Study of Kanpur City, India

Abstract

A critical factor that impacts public health, particularly in urban and industrial areas, is the purity of water. This study examines the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of the water in Zone-5 of Kanpur City, India, with a focus on their impact on human health. Using a cross-sectional approach, data was collected from 400 families through laboratory analysis and field surveys. The results suggest that water sources have been significantly contaminated, as evidenced by the presence of high concentrations of microbiological contaminants and heavy metals (chromium and arsenic). This contamination is predominantly the result of poor sanitation infrastructure and untreated industrial effluents. The health hazards associated with inadequate water quality were underscored by the fact that a substantial number of respondents reported experiencing waterborne diseases, such as typhoid, cholera, and hepatitis. A statistical analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between health outcomes and water quality, with educational attainment influencing awareness and preventive measures. The report underscores the urgent need for enhanced wastewater treatment facilities, community education initiatives, and more stringent regulatory enforcement to ensure access to clean and safe water. In order to address these challenges and safeguard the welfare of Kanpur's residents, it is recommended that multi stakeholder collaboration be implemented.