Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Properties of Herbal Extracts in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Models

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a widespread health concern worldwide, marked by the accumulation of fat in the liver and associated inflammation, while facing a scarcity of effective pharmacological treatments. This research explores the liver-protective benefits of curcumin (Curcuma longa) and bergamot (Citrus bergamia), emphasising their roles in reducing inflammation, combating oxidative stress, and modulating lipid levels. In vitro investigations involving HepG2 cells and in vivo research utilising HFD-induced NAFLD rat models revealed that both extracts separately enhanced biochemical indicators, cytokine concentrations, and histological structure. The combination therapy produced the most remarkable outcomes, showcasing synergistic decreases in ALT, AST, triglycerides, and markers of oxidative stress, while also enhancing NAFLD Activity Scores. Curcumin, through its mechanisms, suppressed NF-κB signalling, whereas bergamot bolstered antioxidant defences. The results indicate the promising possibility of integrating curcumin and bergamot as supportive treatments for NAFLD. Additional clinical investigations are essential to confirm these encouraging results and to establish standardised formulations for broader application.