Long-Term Functional Improvements with Core Stabilization Exercises vs. Traditional Physical Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Objective
To assess the long-term effects of Core Stabilization Exercises (CSE) compared to Traditional Physical Therapy (TPT) in improving functional capacity, pain reduction, and lumbar mobility in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP).
Methods
This randomized controlled trial included 200 participants aged 25-55 years with chronic low back pain lasting over 12 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CSE group (n=100) or the TPT group (n=100). CSE focused on deep core muscle strengthening while TPT involved traditional stretching and mobility exercises. Both interventions were administered three times per week for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in pain intensity (VAS), functional disability (ODI and RMDQ), and lumbar mobility (ROM). Secondary outcomes included improvements in quality of life (SF-36). Assessments were conducted at baseline, Week 6, and Week 12.
Results
The CSE group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in lumbar mobility (30% increase in ROM) compared to the TPT group (18% increase) at Week 12 (p < 0.05). Pain intensity decreased by 38% in the CSE group versus 22% in the TPT group (p < 0.01). Functional disability (ODI) improved by 45% in the CSE group compared to 28% in the TPT group (p < 0.01). Quality of life scores (SF-36) also showed significantly greater improvements in the CSE group (p < 0.05). No adverse events were reported.
Conclusion
Core Stabilization Exercises provide superior long-term outcomes in terms of lumbar mobility, pain reduction, and functional improvements compared to Traditional Physical Therapy. CSE should be prioritized in CLBP rehabilitation programs for its greater long-term benefits..