Occupational Hazards and Health Issues Among Women Migrants: An Empirical Study in Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

This empirical study investigates the occupational hazards, health issues, and socio-economic challenges faced by women migrant workers in Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Women migrant workers are primarily employed in unorganized sectors such as granite quarries, construction, and service industries. They endure significant exploitation, unsafe working conditions, and inadequate access to basic amenities. Families of migrant women face inadequate housing, sanitation, and education for their children, alongside cultural clashes and social discrimination. Limited legal awareness and language barriers further hinder their ability to address grievances. This study employs descriptive and survey methods, collecting data from 50 women through structured interviews. Key findings show that 94% of respondents are exposed to dust and heat, while 96% endure excessive noise, contributing to health issues such as respiratory problems, skin diseases (56%), and musculoskeletal disorders. Psychological issues, including shivering (66%), stress (15%), and sleeplessness (19%), arise from overwork and handling vibrating machinery. Harassment at work is alarmingly common, with 64% of respondents reporting physical abuse. Additionally, irregular wages and financial exploitation compound their plight. The absence of safety protocols, such as proper fencing and protective equipment, increases the risk of accidents, affecting 34% of respondents. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions, including stricter enforcement of labour laws, provision of safety gear, periodic health camps, and awareness programs about workers’ rights. The study underscores the urgent need for holistic approaches to safeguard the rights and health of women migrant workers. Creating inclusive, safer work environments and implementing robust policies will help address systemic exploitation and improve their quality of life.