TO EVALUATE PREGNANCY OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH FIRST TRIMESTER VAGINAL BLEEDING

Abstract

Introduction: Vaginal bleeding during obstetrics can cause anxiety and increase pregnancy complications. First trimester bleeding, primarily caused by molar pregnancy, implantation bleeding, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical pathology, results in nearly half of pregnancies. Early pregnancy bleeding poses a threat to embryo development. Aims: The study aims to investigate the etiological factors, prevalence, and pregnancy outcomes of patients experiencing first trimester vaginal bleeding. Methodology: This study, conducted at a tertiary care center, involved pregnant women with first-trimester vaginal bleeding. The population included singleton pregnant women, those with multiple pregnancies, and those who did not consent. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, clinical assessments, and laboratory investigations. Results: The study reveals first trimester vaginal bleeding is primarily caused by anatomical abnormalities, infections, endocrine factors, chromosomal anomalies, unexplained cases, ectopic pregnancies, and autoimmune causes, with most successful pregnancies ending in abortion. Discussion: Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy affects 16-25% of women, leading to emergency admissions and ultrasounds. Early diagnosis is crucial for saving life. Conclusion: The study found that 72.3% of pregnancies continued, with 67% continuing till term, with full-term deliveries common. Early monitoring of bleeding is crucial for improved maternal and fetal outcomes..