“The correlation of ABO and Rh Blood Group Phenotypes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with or without microvascular complications”

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a global public health problem that leads to vast morbidity and mortality.The global prevalence of diabetes in 2021 was estimated to be 10.5%, rising to 12.2% in 2045.The association between ABO blood group phenotypes with Type 2 DM is that A and B antigens are linked to an increased level of inflammatory molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and tumor necrosis factor-2 are well-known mediators of inflammation that affects insulin and its receptors, ultimately leading to the clinical expression of T2DM.
Aims & Objectives: To correlate blood grouping & Rh typing with patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with or without microvascular complications (Diabetic retinopathy and Diabetic nephropathy).
Methodology: A Cross sectional observational study was conducted among 42 patients of aged >30 years with type 2 Diabetes mellitus attending Out Patient Department of Ophthalmology, at one of the tertiary care centre, Karnataka.
Results: Majority cases were belonged to 51-70 years of age group. Males were more affected in compared to females. Incidence of Diabetic retinopathy & Diabetic Nephropathy was more in AB blood group cases.
Conclusion: There is a high distribution for blood group AB in DMII without and with complications and a significant difference in the distribution of ABO blood groups was observed between healthy and DMII subjects, and between DMII without complication and DMII with complication. There is a high distribution of nephropathy among blood group AB, with no significant variation between other blood groups having A type slightly higher than O and B.