Hormonal Dysfunction and Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of Current Treatment Options

Abstract

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, with hormonal dysfunction significantly contributing. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the complex interplay between hormonal imbalances and male infertility. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview of the current treatment options for male infertility resulting from hormonal dysfunction. The review covers the pathophysiology of hormonal imbalances and their effects on male fertility, including the role of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin. In addition, different diagnostic techniques, such as blood tests, were also discussed. Moreover, various treatment options for hormonal imbalances, such as Hormonal replacement therapy (Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Aromatase inhibitors and Gonadotropin therapy), are discussed. Each treatment option's dosage, route, safety, and contraindications are evaluated, focusing on the latest research and clinical studies. In conclusion, this review highlights the need for individualized treatment plans considering the underlying hormonal imbalances and associated factors contributing to male infertility.