MARITIME NEXUS AND RELIGIOUS LEGACY: A HISTORICAL STUDY OF BUDDHIST HERITAGE IN NAGAPATTINAM DISTRICT

Abstract

Buddhist heritage of Nagapattinam, a prominent coastal region in Tamil Nadu, which served as a critical hub for maritime trade and cultural exchange in ancient and medieval times Drawing upon archaeological evidence, epigraphic records, and literary sources, the research examines the origins, evolution, and decline of Buddhism in the district, focusing on its role as a center for religious learning and international cultural diplomacy. construction of significant Buddhist monuments, such as the Chudamani Vihara, established by the Srivijaya kings, and the artistic contributions reflected in bronze and stone sculptures discovered in the region. It also delves into Nagapattinam's strategic importance in fostering trade and the dissemination of Buddhist ideologies across the Indian Ocean, linking South India with Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and China. The study further investigates the socio-political factors that contributed to the eventual decline of Buddhism in the region, particularly during the rise of the Bhakti movement and the resurgence of Hinduism. By situating Nagapattinam within the broader context of Indian Ocean trade networks and religious exchanges, this research underscores its significance as a historical epicenter of Buddhist culture.