Elements of Violence in Anna Burns’ Milkman

Abstract

This paper explores the intricate layers of violence in Anna Burns’ Milkman, set against the backdrop of Northern Ireland’s Troubles. Through a meticulous analysis, the study delves into how Burns portrays the pervasive and multifaceted nature of violence, not only as a physical force but as a socio-political and psychological phenomenon deeply embedded in the lives of individuals and communities. Drawing on theories from Antonio Gramsci, Michel Foucault, Slavoj Žižek, Judith Butler, and other critical thinkers, the paper examines the ways in which power, surveillance, and societal norms perpetuate structural, symbolic, and normative violence. The protagonist’s struggle to navigate a society governed by fear, suspicion, and rigid social codes reflects the broader tensions of a divided nation. By situating Milkman within these theoretical frameworks, this study reveals how the novel transcends its historical setting to offer a universal commentary on the human condition under systemic oppression.