Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Aegle marmelos and Piper betle Leaf: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Aegle marmelos (Bael) and Piper betle (Betel leaf) are two prominent plants with significant cultural and medicinal value in traditional systems of medicine. This review explores their pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential, and applications in modern pharmaceutical science. Aegle marmelos is known for its wide range of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects. Recent studies have highlighted its role in supporting digestive health, managing blood sugar levels, and alleviating symptoms of various gastrointestinal disorders. Piper betle leaf, a staple in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine, is also rich in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Its therapeutic applications are diverse, ranging from antimicrobial and anticancer properties to promoting oral health and improving respiratory function. Betel leaf’s active constituents have shown promise in combating infections, reducing oxidative stress, and potentially preventing cancer. This review consolidates current research on the therapeutic benefits of Aegle marmelos and Piper betle, examining their mechanisms of action and potential as complementary treatments in modern pharmacology. Furthermore, it discusses the safety, bioavailability, and challenges associated with the integration of these plants into pharmaceutical formulations. Given their rich phytochemical profiles and proven therapeutic activities, both Aegle marmelos and Piper betle present exciting opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic agents. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their pharmacological potential and encourage further investigation into their applications in contemporary medicine.