Exploring the Methanol Extract of Persicaria Hydropiper Leaves: Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential, and Topical Gel Development for Wound Healing

Abstract

The present study aimed to develop and evaluate herbal gel formulations incorporating the methanol extract of Persicaria hydropiper leaves (PHLE-MA) for potential therapeutic applications. Six formulations (WGF1 to WGF6) were prepared using Carbopol 934 as the gelling agent, with varying concentrations of PHLE-MA (0.6–3.6%). The gels were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, net content, extrudability, and physical appearance. In vitro diffusion studies revealed a concentration-dependent release of active constituents, with higher concentrations providing sustained release. Kinetic modeling of the release data showed that most formulations adhered to the Zero Order model, indicating controlled and consistent drug release, while others followed First Order or Higuchi Diffusion mechanisms. PHLE-MA demonstrated significant lipid peroxidation inhibition in egg yolk and liver homogenate models, showcasing its strong antioxidant activity. Additionally, COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition studies highlighted its anti-inflammatory potential, with IC50 values of 180.271 μg/mL and 188.361 μg/mL, respectively. The total flavonoid content of PHLE-MA was quantified as 321.44 mg/g quercetin equivalent. These findings underline the potential of PHLE-MA-based gel formulations as effective topical agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, paving the way for their use in managing oxidative stress and inflammation-related conditions.