Association of Effect of Insulin Gene Polymorphism VNTR INS -23/Hph1 (rs689) in Egyptian Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is considered as one of the most frequent chronic illnesses in childhood. It results from insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The prevalence of T1D in the overall population is 0.4%. People with a 1st -degree relative diagnosed with T1DM possess an around fifteen-fold elevated relative lifetime probability of developing T1D themselves. Noneth eless, a minimum of eighty-five percent of kids diagnosed with T1D lack a familial history of the condition. Polymorphisms in noncoding region of insulin gene impact susceptibility to or protection from T1D. This locus encompasses a VNTR, additionally referred to as the insulin gene mini-satellite, situated at 5' terminus of insulin gene. The VNTR region consists of variable tandem repeat sequences of 14-15 base pairs, with the consensus sequence 5’-ACAGGGGTGTGGGG-3’. 3 primary classes of VNTRs are categorized by their size: class I (twenty-six to sixty-three repeats), class II (around eighty repeats), & class three (140–200 repeats). The insulin gene -23/Hph1 A more than T (rs689) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a variant within human insulin gene, demonstrates a strong association disequilibrium with variable nucleotide tandem repeat alleles; A allele is associated with the short (class I) VNTR, while T allele is associated with long (class three) variable nucleotide tandem repeat allele.