TO STUDY THE MOLECULAR PROFILING AND ITS ASSOCIATION TO EXTENDED SPECTRUM Β-LACTAMASE (ESBL) PRODUCING E.COLI ISOLATES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO blaTEM , blaCTX AND blaSHV GENE FROM PATIENTS OF URINARY TRACT

Abstract

Introduction: Longer hospital stays, higher treatment costs, and fewer treatment options—particularly wide-spectrum antibiotics—are often linked to the rise of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Among the most commonly given antibiotics in human medicine are β-lactams. However, resistance to these drugs has increased dramatically due to their widespread and mostly improper use, especially as a result of the development of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL).
Aim and Objective: To study the molecular characterization of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli isolates with special reference to blaTEM, blaCTX and blaSHV gene from patients of urinary tract.
Material and Methods: This was a Cross sectional study carried out in the department of Microbiology for a period of 12 months i.e, November 2023 to November 2024. A total of 366 E. coli isolates of all the Uropathogenic E. coli strain isolated from urine samples collected from hospitalized and consultation patients were included in the study. The Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the CLSI guidelines 2024. The DNA extraction was done using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit and the gene blaTEM, blaCTX and blaSHV was detected using the PCR.

Results: In the present study out of the 1012 isolates there were 366 (35.5%) which showed the growth of E. coli. In which 82 (22.4%) were phenotypically identified as ESBL producers and 284 (77.6%) were Non-ESBL. Out of the 366 isolates, 110 (30%) were Males and 256 (69.9%) were Females patients. The overall susceptibility of ESBL isolates to various antibiotics was as Ampicillin (17.20%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam (28.5%), Gentamycin (65.7%), Cefoxitin (51.0%), Amikacin (80%), Ciprofloxacin (48%), Meropenem (97.2%), Ceftazidime(0%), Ceftazidime/ clavunalate(100%), Piperacillin/tazobactam (85.7%), Ceftriaxone(0%), Nitrofurantoin(100%), Tigecycillin(97.2%) and fosfomycin(97.2%). In the current study out of the total 82 isolates there were 42 (51.2%) observed positive for blaTEM gene, 24 (29.2% ) observed positive for blaCTX and 13 (15.8%) observed positive for blaSHV gene.Conclusion: There are now fewer treatment choices and increased medical costs as a result of the substantial expansion of E. coli that produces ESBL. Due to the significant growth of E. coli that produces ESBL, there are now fewer options for treatment and higher medical expenses. To assist clinical care management, efficient infection control, and appropriate antibiotic treatment, trends for regional epidemiological data on antimicrobial resistance need to be updated.