Clinicomycological Profile of Dermatophytosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Dermatophytosis is a prevalent cutaneous fungal infection affecting the superficial keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. This study aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes in clinically suspected cases, assess the frequency of various species, and evaluate the age- and sex-related prevalence in a specific locality. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at DSIMSH, Perambalur. involving 150 clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis. Samples (skin, hair, and nails) were aseptically collected and subjected to potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount examination and culture. Identification of dermatophytes was performed using macroscopic and microscopic examination of cultures, complemented by physiological tests, including the urease test. Results: Tinea corporis (41.3%) emerged as the most common clinical type, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.05:1. Dermatophytes were isolated in 108 cases, yielding an overall isolation rate of 72%. Seven species of dermatophytes were identified, with T. mentagrophytes (49.1%) being the most prevalent, followed by T. rubrum (20.4%). Conclusion: The identification of dermatophyte species and their ecological and host preferences is crucial for effective patient management. Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for timely treatment, preventing chronicity and further disease transmission