Pericardial Effusion Due to Tuberculosis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient: A Case Study

Abstract

Pericardial effusion in CAPD patients is a rare complication, often caused by viral infections, tuberculosis, autoimmune diseases, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy. In Indonesia, a tuberculosis-endemic country, pericardial effusion due to tuberculosis should be considered. It can be aggravated by uremic conditions and can be life-threatening if cardiac tamponade occurs. A 31-year-old man with CKD stage 5 on CAPD and massive pericardial effusion due to tuberculosis was diagnosed. The clinical outcome showed improvement with pericardiocentesis, intensive hemodialysis, and anti-tuberculosis therapy with dose adjustment. The patient's pericardial effusion was due to a delayed hypersensitivity response to tuberculoprotein mycobacterium tuberculosis. Treatment with pericardiocentesis, dose adjustment for antituberculosis treatment, and reducing uremic conditions can prevent tamponade and recurrent pericardial effusion.