Design and Development of a Polyherbal Nanoemulsion for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and poor glucose metabolism are the hallmarks of diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic condition. Poor absorption, adverse effects, and patient non-compliance are common problems with traditional antidiabetic treatments. The innovative drug delivery technology known as nanoemulsions improves the bioavailability, stability, and solubility of bioactive chemicals. The purpose of this research is to create a polyherbal nanoemulsion that can help control diabetes.
Materials and Methods: Medicinal plant extracts with antidiabetic properties were used to create a polyherbal nanoemulsion. By employing response surface methods, the oil phase, surfactants, and co-surfactants were tuned to perfection. The stability, zeta potential, droplet size, viscosity, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the synthesized nanoemulsion were assessed. The drug's in vitro release, ex vivo penetration, and in vivo antidiabetic effectiveness were evaluated in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ).
Results: A steady zeta potential, a low PDI, and an average droplet size of less than 200 nm were all characteristics of the optimized polyherbal nanoemulsion. The bioactive components were more bioavailable and soluble in the formulation. Research on drug release in vitro demonstrated a steady pattern, and research on drug permeation in vivo verified this trend. Blood glucose levels were significantly reduced, insulin sensitivity was improved, and antioxidant activity was increased in comparison to traditional formulations in in vivo tests of diabetic rats induced by STZ.
Conclusion: The created polyherbal nanoemulsion demonstrated encouraging signs of being a robust antidiabetic formulation with enhanced stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic effectiveness. By minimizing the side effects of synthetic medications, this nanoemulsion-based method has the potential to replace traditional treatments. Its safety and effectiveness in humans should be confirmed by additional clinical trials.