A Study on Postoperative Outcomes of Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with or without Drain

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred method for treating gallbladder diseases due to its minimally invasive approach, offering advantages such as reduced postoperative pain, smaller scars, shorter recovery times, and quicker return to normal activities. Despite these benefits, patients may experience complications such as shoulder pain, nausea, and vomiting. Drains have traditionally been used to manage pneumoperitoneum-related issues and prevent fluid accumulation like bilomas or hematomas. However, recent studies question the routine use of drains, suggesting they may lead to increased postoperative complications and longer hospital stays.
Objective: To assess the effects of drain use versus no drain on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, from January 2024 to June 2024, involving 70 patients. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving a drain and the other not, based on the treatment protocol. Data were gathered through comprehensive medical histories, clinical examinations, and relevant tests. Postoperative outcomes such as pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, fluid accumulation, wound infections, and hospital stay duration were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26.0, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The study found no significant differences in baseline characteristics or intraoperative factors between the groups. However, the drain group reported significantly (p<0.05) higher pain scores, a greater incidence of fever, nausea, vomiting, wound infections, and longer hospital stays compared to the no-drain group.
Conclusion: Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy without a drain experienced better postoperative outcomes, including reduced pain, fewer complications, and shorter hospital stays.