EMERGING TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

ABSTRACT:

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence. Recent advancements in pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions, and digital health technologies have transformed diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate emerging trends in T2DM treatment over one year.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 200 patients with T2DM from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. Data on demographic characteristics, pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and digital health interventions were collected. Changes in glycemic control, treatment adherence, and diabetes-related complications were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.

Results: The use of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (10% to 22.5%) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (7.5% to 15%) significantly increased, while insulin therapy (12.5% to 10%) and combination therapy with three or more drugs (20% to 7.5%) declined. The adoption of digital health tools, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (5% to 20%), mobile applications (7.5% to 30%), and telemedicine (12.5% to 45%), showed a marked rise. Lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise (25% to 55%) and diet modifications (20% to 47.5%), also improved. Glycemic control significantly enhanced, with mean HbA1c reducing from 8.2% to 7.1% (p< 0.001). Diabetes-related complications, including neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy, decreased by 5–7.5%.

Conclusion: Emerging trends in T2DM management indicate a shift towards newer pharmacological agents, increased use of digital health interventions, and enhanced lifestyle modifications. These advancements contribute to improved glycemic control and reduced complications, emphasizing the need for patient-centered and technology-driven approaches to diabetes care.