MGNREGA AND TRIBAL EMPOWERMENT: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN IDUKKI DISTRICT, KERALA

Abstract

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been a significant policy intervention aimed at ensuring livelihood security for rural communities in India, particularly marginalized groups such as tribal populations. The collected data, a total of 380 valid responses were retained for analysis. To Impact of MGNREGA among The Tribal Community, a cross-tabular analysis was performed using selected background variables of respondents. The result was also calculated using the percentage analysis, mean, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA.This study explores the role of MGNREGA in fostering economic and social empowerment among the tribal communities in Idukki District, Kerala. Through a sociological lens, the research examines how MGNREGA has influenced employment patterns, income stability, poverty reduction, and overall social transformation within the tribal society. Utilizing a mixed-method research approach, the study incorporates field surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with tribal beneficiaries, local government officials, and stakeholders. Key areas of analysis include the participation of tribal workers in MGNREGA, the impact of wage employment on their financial independence, and the development of community assets through the program. Furthermore, the study investigates the extent to which MGNREGA has contributed to social inclusion, women’s empowerment, skill development, and access to essential services like education and healthcare. The findings suggest that while MGNREGA has played a crucial role in enhancing economic resilience and social dignity among tribal households, several challenges persist, including bureaucratic inefficiencies, delays in wage payments, lack of awareness about entitlements, and infrastructural limitations. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at improving the implementation of MGNREGA to maximize its impact on tribal empowerment. By highlighting both the achievements and shortcomings of the program, this research contributes to the broader discourse on rural development and social justice for indigenous communities.