Systematic Literature Review: “Business Models Proposed for Integrating Natural Heritage Values into Sustainable Tourism for Economic Development using Campbell Collaboration Approach”

Abstract

This research study proposes a systematic literature assessment, using the Campbell Collaboration methodology, to evaluate business models intended for integrating natural heritage assets into sustainable tourism for economic progress. Natural heritage, that consist of ecosystems, geological formations, and cultural landscapes, is progressively recognized as a critical asset for tourism terminuses, nurturing economic rewards and preservation inventiveness. However, reconciling economic development with environmental and cultural conservation endures to posture a substantial problem. The analysis combines evidence from numerous models, together with community-based tourism, public-private partnerships, and conservation finance approaches namely eco-taxes and Payment for Ecosystem Services. The results specify that community-based tourism boosts local communities and promotes a feeling of ownership; moreover, it imposes important investment in capacity building and training to adjust its efficiency. Both the public and private partnerships enable the growth of tourism infrastructure while accomplishing conservation ideas; still, their usefulness depends on strong governance and well-defined governing circumstances. Advanced conservation financing options deliver additional cash for preservation initiatives; yet they require robust institutional backing to guarantee equal advantages. Technological innovations, such Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and augmented reality (AR), are examined as means to improve tourist experiences and mitigate environmental effect; nevertheless, cost and accessibility challenges must be resolved for broad use. The assessment underscores that successful business models must incorporate cultural and ecological preservation comprehensively, adjust to evolving circumstances, and promote collaboration among stakeholders. The study's findings offer a basis for politicians, tourism developers, and conservationists to formulate policies that leverage natural heritage for sustainable economic development while preserving environmental and cultural resources. This research enhances sustainable tourism practices in heritage-rich areas such as Misfat Al Abriyeen in the Sultanate of Oman by tackling identified difficulties and utilizing potential.