Application of CAD CAM in dentistry

Abstract

CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) has transformed modern dentistry by enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and patient outcomes. This paper explores the principles, components, and workflow of CAD/CAM, from digital impressions to the final restoration fabrication. Available in both chairside and lab-integrated setups, CAD/CAM has advanced significantly over the last 20 years due to improvements in computer technology and dental materials. CAD enables precise design, while CAM turns these virtual objects into real restorations. The use of 3D technology allows for better treatment planning and improved outcomes, especially in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. Future advancements in AI, 3D bioprinting, and nanomaterials will further enhance CAD/CAM applications, offering more tailored, durable solutions. However, challenges such as high costs, technical limitations, and the need for specialized training remain. This paper provides an overview of CAD/CAM in dentistry, highlighting current trends and future directions.