The Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance of Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli in Sputum Culture among Hospitalized Patients in Duhok City-Iraq

Abstract

Non-fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) are a varied collection of aerobic, non-spore-forming organisms devoid of the capacity to ferment carbohydrates to provide energy for cellular needs. This research aimed to identify the medication resistance pattern among the isolates of NFGNB generating respiratory tract infections (RTIs). This work exposes several NFGNB isolated and identified by Vitek2 Compact System that cause respiratory tract infection (RTI). With a rate of 65.2%, A. baumanii was the most often isolated; P. aeruginosa, with a rate of 28.3%, followed by other NFGNB, particularly in immunocompromised patients. For NFGNB, Colistin had the most sensitive and antibiotic choice with a rate of sensitivity above 80%. Particularly the Cephalosporin group—which comprises Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone—a significant resistance rate of it about (100%) was recorded. With resistance rate Aminoglycosides (Amikacin and Gentamicin) (93.33%), Tobramycin (83.33%) for A. baumanii and Resistance to Aminoglycosides for Pseudomonas aeruginosa is low to moderate according to our data (Amikacin 53.84%, Gentamicin 46.15%, and Tobramycin 38.46%). Based on our findings, Serratia marcescens demonstrate 100% sensitivity to Aminoglycosides (Amikacin, Gentamicin and Tobramycin). Furthermore, observed were distinct resistotyping patterns (Fifteen, Ten, Three) for (A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens)consequently.
At last, it is essential to find NFGNB and track their susceptibility pattern to direct the doctor for improved patient management and treatment.