The Growing Burden Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections In Indian Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review Of Case Reports

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a critical nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pathogen, with rapidly increasing rates of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensive drug resistance (XDR), and even pan-drug resistance (PDR), posing a severe threat to global healthcare systems and patient safety. This review analysed case reports published between 2014 and 2024 that focused on K. pneumoniae infections. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was employed for quality assessment, ultimately including 14 case reports that covered a range of clinical presentations and Klebsiella pneumonia infections.
The identified resistance mechanisms included the production of beta-lactamases, biofilm formation, and the presence of efflux pumps. Notably, many strains demonstrated XDR or pan-drug resistance (PDR), along with hypervirulent characteristics. K. pneumoniae infections often occur as co-infections or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) related to surgical procedures and prolonged hospital stays. The role of Klebsiella pneumoniae as a secondary pathogen in hospital-acquired infections underscores the significant threat posed by MDR and XDR strains, particularly regarding their ability to develop biofilms in patients with other complications. These findings highlight the critical need for prevention and control measures for K. pneumoniae infections in Indian healthcare settings.