Investigation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Dichrostachys cinereal

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative and complementary therapeutic approaches. The present study investigates the anti-diabetic potential of Dichrostachys cinerea, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine. Despite anecdotal claims of its efficacy in diabetes management, scientific validation remains limited. This research aims to bridge this gap through a comprehensive exploration of the pharmacological properties of Dichrostachys cinerea. Fresh leaves of Dichrostachys cinerea were collected, authenticated, and subjected to ethanolic extraction. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of key bioactive constituents such as phytosterols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and terpenoids. To evaluate its anti-diabetic effects, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and experimental groups, including diabetic and treated groups receiving Dichrostachys cinerea extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 21 days. The efficacy of the extract was assessed through fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), lipid profiles, and histopathological examinations of liver and pancreas tissues. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and enhanced serum insulin levels in the Dichrostachys cinerea-treated groups compared to the diabetic control. Additionally, a dose-dependent positive impact on body weight regulation was observed. Histopathological analysis revealed restoration of normal architecture in liver and pancreas tissues, suggesting protective and regenerative effects.