Exploration of Qrisk3 As A Prognosticator of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Associated Comorbidities In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), significantly increasing the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. This study aims to assess the utility of QRISK3 in predicting cardiovascular events and associated comorbidities in T2DM patients and its potential role in guiding clinical decisions for preventive therapies, including statins, antihypertensive medications, and lifestyle modifications. Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on T2DM patients with cardiovascular diseases. Demographic data, including age, gender, and comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus were collected and analyzed statistically. Results: Among 124 participants, 45 had hypertension, 29 had coronary artery disease (CAD), 21 had cerebrovascular accidents, 3 had migraines, 17 had chronic kidney disease, 4 had arthritis, 1 had SLE, and 12 had asthma. Based on the QRISK3 chart, 11 participants (8.87%) were at low risk, 46 (37.09%) at moderate risk, and 67 (54.03%) at high risk. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for early diabetes detection, comprehensive risk assessment, and improved management strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. Health education, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological interventions targeting both diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors are essential for better patient outcomes.