ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF RISING TEMPERATURES ON CROP YIELDS IN MARATHWADA

Abstract

Due to climate change, the Marathwada region in Maharashtra has been experiencing rising temperatures and erratic weather patterns. This study assesses the effects of increasing temperatures on significant crops in the area, including wheat, jowar, and cotton.
The research analyses temperature trends over the past few decades, highlighting an increase in annual average temperatures and frequent heatwaves. These climatic shifts have led to several adverse effects on agriculture, including reduced soil moisture, shortened growing seasons, and increased pest and disease prevalence. Wheat, a winter crop, is particularly vulnerable, with high temperatures during the grain-filling stage leading to lower yields. Though drought-resistant, Jowar experiences biomass reduction and grain deterioration under prolonged heat stress. Cotton, another staple crop, suffers from premature flowering and boll shedding, reducing fibre quality and overall production.
The economic consequences of these changes are profound, as declining crop yields contribute to financial distress and migration among farming communities. This study explores adaptation strategies to address these challenges, including drought-resistant crop varieties, improved irrigation techniques, and precision farming technologies. Policy interventions such as climate insurance schemes, subsidies for resilient farming methods, and watershed management programs are also discussed as crucial measures to support farmers.
This study emphasises the urgent need for climate-resilient agricultural practices and long-term policy initiatives to safeguard crop production and farmer livelihoods in Marathwada. Addressing rising temperatures through sustainable strategies will be critical to ensuring the region's food security and economic stability.