The Effect Of ‘Germas’ Policy Implementation And Community Participation On Reducing The Risk Factors Of Non-Communicable Diseases Due To Low Fruit And Vegetable Consumption In Riau Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Indonesia, including in Riau Province, have increased significantly, with low fruit and vegetable consumption as one of the risk factors. To address this, the government initiated the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS) to encourage healthy living behaviors. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the GERMAS policy and community participation in reducing NCD risk factors, especially low fruit and vegetable consumption in Riau Province. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design and inferential analysis. Samples were selected using cluster random sampling technique from 12 districts with a total population of n = 1,437. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression. The results showed that 90.30% of respondents did not fulfill their daily intake of fruits and vegetables. Although 82.24% were aware of the GERMAS program, only 43.31% participated. Factors that increase participation include knowledge about GERMAS (Exp(B) = 17.968; p < 0.001), particularly regarding physical activity knowledge (Exp(B) = 2.339; p < 0.001), and participation in health promotion (Exp(B) = 8.493; p < 0.001). Indragiri Hilir and Rokan Hulu districts showed higher participation rates than Pekanbaru (capital city of Riau Province). The gap between awareness and engagement in GERMAS remains high. More effective health education and district-based interventions are needed to increase community participation in the program.