Prevalence Of Osteoporosis Among Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis is a significant public health concern, particularly among postmenopausal women, due to the increased risk of bone fractures associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The decline in estrogen levels after menopause accelerates bone loss, making this population highly vulnerable. Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for early intervention and preventive strategies. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women and examine its association with dietary calcium intake from dairy products. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, targeting postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years residing in Kalabagan and South Paikpara. A total of 240 respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and dietary assessments. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 23.0), employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: Among the 240 participants, the majority (45.8%) were aged 51-55 years. Educational attainment varied, with 15.8% being illiterate and 14.6% having post-graduate education. The study found that 53.3% of participants had 2-3 pregnancies, and 93.8% had practiced breastfeeding. Regarding osteoporosis risk, 86.7% had a low-risk OSTA index, 12.5% had an intermediate risk, and 0.8% had a high risk. A history of fractures was reported by 27.5% of respondents, and 27.1% had a family history of fractures. Physical activity was sufficient in 81.3% of participants, while 28.8% had rare sunlight exposure, indicating potential vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Osteoporosis prevalence among postmenopausal women in Dhaka City was low, with most participants in the low-risk category on the OSTA index. However, risk indicators such as limited sunlight exposure, previous fractures, and genetics were identified. Physical activity levels were adequate, but many women had insufficient calcium intake. These findings highlight the importance of improving calcium and vitamin D consumption, promoting physical activity, and conducting early screenings to prevent osteoporosis and related complications, particularly for high-risk individuals.