Histopathological Pattern Of Gastric Polyps: An Observational Study

Abstract

Gastric polyps are heterogeneous lesions arising from the stomach lining, often detected incidentally during endoscopy. Their histological diversity spans benign hyperplastic polyps to premalignant adenomas, underscoring the need for accurate diagnosis and management. This cross-sectional study investigates the histopathological patterns of gastric polyps in Bangladeshi patients, shedding light on their prevalence, demographic variations, and possible etiological factors. The study, conducted from January 2024 to December 2024 at the Central Police Hospital in Dhaka and various private hospital settings, analysed 98 cases of gastric polyps detected through endoscopy. Detailed demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected and categorized following WHO guidelines. Hyperplastic polyps were the most common subtype (50.0%), with a higher prevalence in males and a peak occurrence in the 50–60 age group. Fundic gland polyps (31.63%) showed a marked female predominance, predominantly affecting younger patients aged 30–40 years. Adenomatous polyps (4.08%), known for their malignant potential, were exclusively found in patients over 50 years. Rare histological types, including hamartomatous polyps was also observed. The findings reveal significant gender and age-related disparities in the distribution of gastric polyps. Hyperplastic polyps, linked to chronic inflammation and Helicobacter pylori infection, highlight the importance of addressing H. pylori prevalence in Bangladesh. The female bias in fundic gland polyps suggests potential associations with proton pump inhibitor use. This study enriches the understanding of gastric polyps in the Bangladeshi population and emphasizes the need for localized research to explore socio-environmental and dietary influences. By providing insights into the histological spectrum and clinical relevance of gastric polyps, the research aims to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ultimately contributing to improved gastrointestinal health outcomes in Bangladesh.