Measuring Society's Awareness Of The Social And Health Factors Of Pre-Marital Screening, From The Perspective Of The Generalist Approach Of Social Work

Abstract

Background:

Hereditary blood disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, are prevalent in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia, primarily due to high rates of consanguineous marriages. Premarital screening programs have been introduced as a public health intervention to identify at-risk couples and reduce the prevalence of these disorders. However, the effectiveness of these programs is influenced by community awareness, attitudes, and compliance.

Objective:

To assess society's awareness about the importance of premarital screening and the health risks associated with mismatched marriages in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire distributed to 443 participants in the Jazan region. The questionnaire collected demographic data, evaluated awareness of premarital screening, assessed the prevalence of genetic blood disorders, and identified perceived risks and attitudes toward mismatched marriages. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26, employing descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results:

Among participants, 91.4% reported no personal history of hereditary blood disorders, while 27.3% had affected family members. Sickle cell anemia was the most prevalent condition (58.5%) among those affected. Awareness of premarital screening was high, with 98.6% of participants expressing willingness to undergo the screening even if it were optional. However, only 34.1% had undergone screening. While 90.3% would avoid marriage in case of incompatible results, emotional and social factors (e.g., love, social pressure) were identified as barriers to adherence. Social worker needs generalist approach skills to dealing with barriers , Cultural competence and sensitivity skills 70%

 And Effective communication and active listening 60%.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of increasing the awareness of the community to social and health factors of pre-marital screening by further activities of social work with the community to increase community awareness.