Predictors Of Neonatal Complications In Emergency Cesarean Deliveries: Insights From Prenatal Profiles At Omdurman Maternity Hospital

Abstract

Background: Emergency cesarean deliveries are associated with elevated neonatal risks, particularly in low-resource settings. Identifying prenatal predictors of adverse outcomes is essential for improving perinatal care.

Objective: To evaluate maternal and prenatal factors associated with neonatal complications following emergency cesarean sections at Omdurman Maternity Hospital.

Methods: This study investigates prenatal predictors of neonatal complications following emergency cesarean deliveries at Omdurman Maternity Hospital. A retrospective analysis of 300 cases was conducted using multivariate logistic regression. Key predictors included maternal illiteracy, lack of antenatal care, and late hospital presentation. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to improve prenatal education, access to care, and early triage systems in low-resource settings.

Results: Cord prolapse and uterine rupture were significantly associated with NICU admission (>40%) and neonatal death (>7%). Neonatal mortality was highest among infants born to illiterate mothers (7.5%) compared to university graduates (0.7%). Blood transfusion and prolonged NICU stay were strong predictors of adverse neonatal outcomes. Maternal age, parity, and antenatal care attendance showed moderate correlation with neonatal complications.

Conclusion: Prenatal factors such as maternal education, antenatal care quality, and clinical indications for cesarean delivery are critical predictors of neonatal outcomes. Strengthening prenatal screening and labor triage protocols may reduce neonatal morbidity in emergency cesarean settings.