Role of Preoperative Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and CA-125 for Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumor

Abstract

Background: Distinguishing between benign and malignant ovarian tumors remains a clinical challenge. Red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV) and CA-125 levels have emerged as potential biomarkers for preoperative
differentiation. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of these markers for ovarian tumor classification. The objective of this study was to assess the role of RDW, MPV and CA-125 in distinguishing benign from malignant ovarian tumors.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2023 to August 2024. Ninety patients with ovarian tumors scheduled for surgery were
included in the study. Preoperative blood samples were analyzed for RDW, MPV and CA-125 levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at P <0.05.
Results: RDW was significantly higher in malignant cases (14.11±2.51) than in benign cases (12.98±1.79) (p=0.02). MPV was also elevated in malignant tumors (13.69±3.95 vs. 10.69±1.65, p=0.001). CA-125 levels were markedly higher in
malignancies (257.56±412.31 vs. 75.73±125.82, p=0.01). MPV exhibited the highest sensitivity (76.92%) and specificity (78.95%), followed by CA-125 and RDW.
Conclusion: RDW, MPV, and CA-125 are valuable biomarkers for differentiating malignant from benign ovarian tumors. MPV demonstrated the highest specificity, suggesting its potential as a reliable preoperative marker.